{"id":26906,"date":"2021-09-08T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-08T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=26906"},"modified":"2022-02-12T11:46:07","modified_gmt":"2022-02-12T10:46:07","slug":"modals-in-the-past-could-should-would-have-english","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/modals-in-the-past-could-should-would-have-english\/","title":{"rendered":"Modals in the past: Could \/ Should \/ Would have done"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mod\u00e1ln\u00edch sloves vypad\u00e1 mluven\u00ed o minulosti (<em>modals in the past)<\/em> trochu jinak ne\u017e pro &#8222;norm\u00e1ln\u00ed&#8220; slovesa. V tomto textu se dozv\u00edte, jak\u00fd rozd\u00edl je mezi <em>could &amp; could have, should &amp; should have<\/em> a <em>would &amp; would have.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"modals-in-the-past\"><em>Modals in the past<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60007\">Mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa <em>(modal verbs)<\/em><\/a> jsou zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 proto, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhovou formu <em>(should),<\/em> nebo maj\u00ed <em>(can-could, will-would)<\/em>, ale pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v tolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00edch, \u017ee nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, zda mluv\u00edme o minulosti nebo ne, a proto, abychom si byli jisti, p\u0159id\u00e1me k nim dal\u0161\u00ed <em>have (could have done, would have done)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obvykle je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me v situac\u00edch jako &#8222;kdy\u017e mi n\u011bco v \u017eivot\u011b nevy\u0161lo&#8220; &#8211; proto jim n\u011bkdy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me &#8222;mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa ztracen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed&#8220; (<em>past modals of lost opportunity<a href=\"https:\/\/learningenglish.voanews.com\/a\/everyday-grammar-could-have-should-have-would-have\/3391128.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">)\u00b9&#8220;<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme <em>o past tense modals, <\/em>obvykle m\u00e1me na mysli n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159i delikventy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"#could-have-could-modals-in-the-past\">Could have<\/a><\/em><\/li><li><em><a href=\"#would-have-would-modals-in-the-past-czasie-przeszlym-angielskim\"><em>Would <\/em>have<\/a><\/em><\/li><li><em><a href=\"http:\/\/should-have-sholud-modals-in-the-past-czasowniki-modalne-w-przeszlosci\">Should have<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"could-of-would-of-should-of\"><del><em><strong>could of, would of, should of<\/strong><\/em><\/del><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A mo\u017en\u00e1 stoj\u00ed za to od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku pouk\u00e1zat na to, \u017ee neexistuje nic, jako <em><del>could of, would of, should of.<\/del><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To je jen <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59829\">b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 chyba native speaker\u016f,<\/a> pro kter\u00e9 <em>have<\/em> zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9 na <em>&#8218;ve<\/em> zn\u00ed jako <em>of.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale nen\u00ed!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-26908\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/could-should-would-have-of-modals-in-the-past.jpg\" alt=\"could have, should have, would have, modals in the past, mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa v \u010dase minul\u00e9m could of, should of, would of\" class=\"wp-image-26908\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/could-should-would-have-of-modals-in-the-past.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/could-should-would-have-of-modals-in-the-past-300x210.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption><em>&#8222;Kdo t\u011b sakra u\u010d\u00ed anglicky!&#8220;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Za\u010dn\u011bme pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm &#8211; p\u0159\u00edpadem <em>modals in the past<\/em> neboli <em>could &amp; could have.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"could-have-could-modals-in-the-past\"><em>1. Could &amp; could have<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee <em>could<\/em> je minul\u00fd \u010das od <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60046\"><em>can<\/em><\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>You can do it!<\/em> (Dok\u00e1\u017ee\u0161 to!)<\/li><li><em>I could do it.<\/em> (Moh<strong>l<\/strong> jsem to ud\u011blat. &#8211; Poda\u0159ilo se mi to, zvl\u00e1dl jsem to.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Could<\/em> vystupuje rovn\u011b\u017e jako uctiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze <em>can:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>We can go for a walk.<\/em> (M\u016f\u017eeme j\u00edt na proch\u00e1zku.)<\/li><li><em>We could go for a walk.<\/em> (Mohli <strong>bychom<\/strong> se proj\u00edt. Co na to \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te? Chcete?)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A ji\u017e v tomto okam\u017eiku to za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt nejasn\u00e9, proto\u017ee v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 v\u011bty by mohly znamenat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I could do it.<\/em> (To <strong>bych<\/strong> mohl ud\u011blat. &#8211; Jestli chce\u0161, ud\u011bl\u00e1m to.)<\/li><li><em>We could go for a walk.<\/em> (Mohli <strong>bychom<\/strong> se proj\u00edt. &#8211; Ale u\u017e nesm\u00edme.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-33509\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/could-can-present-simple-past-czasowniki-modalne-not.jpg\" alt=\"Could v \u010dasech present simple &amp; past simple\" class=\"wp-image-33509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/could-can-present-simple-past-czasowniki-modalne-not.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/could-can-present-simple-past-czasowniki-modalne-not-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/could-v-casech-present-simple-past-anglictina\/\">Could v \u010dasech present simple &amp; past simple.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"could-have-je-presnejsi\"><em>Could have<\/em> je p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, pokud nechceme zanechat st\u00edn pochybnost\u00ed, \u017ee mluv\u00edme o minulosti &#8211; a mimochodem zn\u00edme pak jako l\u00e9pe vzd\u011blan\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk &#8211; nam\u00edsto samotn\u00e9ho <em>could<\/em> m\u016f\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edt <i>modal in the past<\/i> a \u0159\u00edci <em>could have:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I <strong>could have done<\/strong> it.<\/em> (Mohl jsem to ud\u011blat.)<\/li><li><em>We <strong>could have gone<\/strong> for a walk.<\/em> (Mohli jsme j\u00edt na proch\u00e1zku.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee po <em>modals in the past<\/em> d\u00e1v\u00e1me <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/czasowniki-angielskie\/\">sloveso<\/a> &#8222;ve t\u0159et\u00ed form\u011b&#8220; <em>(past participle)<\/em>. Pro &#8222;d\u011blat&#8220; v\u00fd\u0161e je to: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59993\">do-did-<strong>done<\/strong><\/a>,<\/em> a pro &#8222;j\u00edt&#8220; je to: <em>go-went-<strong>gone<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"could-have-pro-promarnene-prilezitosti\"><em>Could have<\/em> pro promarn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V praxi v\u0161ak budeme <em>could have<\/em> pou\u017e\u00edvat nej\u010dast\u011bji v situac\u00edch, kdy bylo n\u011bco mo\u017en\u00e9, ale neud\u011blali jsme to. S n\u00e1dechem nostalgie mluv\u00edme o promarn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I could have told her I loved her.<\/em> (Mohl jsem j\u00ed \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee jsem ji miloval.)<\/li><li><em>You&#8217;re lucky anyway, it could have been much worse!<\/em> (A\u0165 tak \u010di onak, m\u00e1te \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, mohlo to b\u00fdt mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed!)<\/li><li><em>We could have gone to the cinema instead of doing this nonsense.<\/em> (Mohli jsme j\u00edt do kina m\u00edsto toho, abychom se vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1vali s t\u011bmito nesmysly.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 nebyla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u0161ance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He couldn&#8217;t have met us, because he was so busy.<\/em> (Nemohl se s n\u00e1mi setkat, proto\u017ee byl tak zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00fd.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nebo tato \u0161ance m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pouze \u010dist\u011b teoretick\u00e1 (ve t\u0159et\u00edm <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicke-podminovaci-zpusoby-kondicionaly-conditionals\/\">kondicion\u00e1lu):<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I could have passed the exam, if I&#8217;d studied more.<\/em> (Mohl jsem slo\u017eit tuto zkou\u0161ku, kdybych se v\u00edce u\u010dil.)<\/li><li><em>He couldn&#8217;t have driven her to the airport, because he had lost his driving licence.<\/em> (Nemohl ji odv\u00e9zt na <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/zwroty-po-angielski-na-lotnisku-samolocie-memy\/\">leti\u0161t\u011b<\/a>, proto\u017ee p\u0159i\u0161el o \u0159idi\u010dsk\u00fd pr\u016fkaz.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-32490\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/conditionals-with-modals-okresy-warunkowe-z-czasownikami-modalnymi.jpg\" alt=\"Podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby s mod\u00e1ln\u00edmi slovesy, contitionals with modals, nau\u010dte se je!\" class=\"wp-image-32490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/conditionals-with-modals-okresy-warunkowe-z-czasownikami-modalnymi.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/conditionals-with-modals-okresy-warunkowe-z-czasownikami-modalnymi-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/podminkove-vety-s-modalnimi-slovesy-anglictina-modals-with-conditionals\/\">Pokud si p\u0159e\u010dtete tento \u010dl\u00e1nek o kondicion\u00e1lech s mod\u00e1ln\u00edmi slovesy (conditionals with modals), mo\u017en\u00e1 se je kone\u010dn\u011b nau\u010d\u00edte!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"would-have-would-modals-in-the-past-czasie-przeszlym-angielskim\"><em>2. Would &amp; would have<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Situace je podobn\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mod\u00e1ln\u00edho slovesa <em>would.<\/em> I kdy\u017e to zn\u00ed divn\u011b, <em>would<\/em> je \u010das minul\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u010das budouc\u00ed mod\u00e1ln\u00edho <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59210\"><em>will<\/em><\/a>. Takov\u00fd n\u00e1vrat do minulosti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I will do it.<\/em> (Ud\u011bl\u00e1m to.)<\/li><li><em>He said he would do it.<\/em> (\u0158ekl, \u017ee to ud\u011bl\u00e1. &#8211; V\u011bta v <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60057\">nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di<\/a>)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nebo ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed na podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The car won&#8217;t start.<\/em> (Auto nechce nastartovat.)<\/li><li><em>We missed the show because the car wouldn&#8217;t start.<\/em> (Zme\u0161kali jsme show, proto\u017ee auto necht\u011blo nastartovat.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho <em>would<\/em> u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ve zdvo\u0159ilostn\u00edch fr\u00e1z\u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Would you open that jar for me, please?<\/em> (Mohl byste mi otev\u0159\u00edt tuto sklenici, pros\u00edm?)<\/li><li><em>Would you like to have some more tea, love?<\/em> (D\u00e1\u0161 si je\u0161t\u011b trochu <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/czas-na-angielska-herbate-idiomy-rodzaje\/\">\u010daje<\/a>?)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Would<\/em> je mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159i <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59961\">vzpom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed na minulost:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>As kids we would get up early in the morning and play outside.<\/em> (Jako d\u011bti jsme vst\u00e1v\u00e1vali brzy r\u00e1no a hr\u00e1vali si na dvorku.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A ve fr\u00e1z\u00edch <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59871\">would rather<\/a><\/em> i <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/prefer-s-ing-to-or-rather-than-anglictina\/\"><em>would prefer:<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I would rather you didn&#8217;t go there. I&#8217;d prefer you stayed home.<\/em> (Byl bych rad\u0161i, kdybys tam ne\u0161el. Byl bych rad\u0161i, kdybys z\u016fstal doma.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>K tomu v\u0161emu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me <em>would<\/em> jako jedno z <em>modals in the past.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-26920\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imperatives-mood-tryb-rozkazujacy-angielski-smurf.jpg\" alt=\"imperatives, imperative mood, rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob, angli\u010dtina\" class=\"wp-image-26920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imperatives-mood-tryb-rozkazujacy-angielski-smurf.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/imperatives-mood-tryb-rozkazujacy-angielski-smurf-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>&#8222;P\u0159ive\u010f mi dal\u0161\u00edho \u0161moulu!&#8220;<\/em> Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=26919\"><em>Imperatives: Rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob v angli\u010dtin\u011b.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"would-jako-past-modal\"><em>Would<\/em> jako <em>past modal<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Would<\/em> v <em>modals in the past<\/em> u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ve dvou situac\u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-vyjasneni-ze-se-rozhodne-jedna-o-minulost\"><strong>a) Vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee se rozhodn\u011b jedn\u00e1 o minulost.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I would have called you, but my phone died.<\/em> (Zavolal bych v\u00e1m, ale m\u016fj telefon &#8222;um\u0159el&#8220; &#8211; baterie se vybila.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Na ulici jist\u011b \u010dasto usly\u0161\u00edte verzi bez <em>have:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I would call you, but my phone died.<\/em> (Zavolal bych v\u00e1m, ale m\u016fj <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/aplikace-pro-mobilni-telefon-k-vyuce-anglictiny\/\">telefon<\/a> &#8222;um\u0159el&#8220; &#8211; baterie se vybila.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato v\u011bta v\u0161ak nen\u00ed nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 hezk\u00e1 ani zcela spr\u00e1vn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro\u010d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e u\u017e mluv\u00edme o hypotetick\u00e9 situaci v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/second-conditional-zasneny-kondicional-2-anglictina-ii\/\">druh\u00fd kondicion\u00e1l<\/a>, kter\u00fd by zde vypadal takhle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I <strong>would call<\/strong> her <strong>if<\/strong> my phone didn&#8217;t die.<\/em>(Zavolal bych j\u00ed &#8211; te\u010f &#8211; kdyby se mi nevybil telefon.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-34072\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/jak-szybko-skutecznie-mozna-nauczyc-sie-jezyka-angielskiego-samemu.jpg\" alt=\"Jak se rychle a efektivn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete nau\u010dit anglicky sami?\" class=\"wp-image-34072\"\/><figcaption><em>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/jak-se-naucit-mluvit-anglicky-sami-doma\/\">Jak se rychle a efektivn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete nau\u010dit anglicky sami?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Mluvili jsme v\u0161ak o situaci z minulosti (omlouv\u00e1me se, \u017ee jsme j\u00ed nezavolali). Spekulace o minulosti by naopak m\u011bly b\u00fdt vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny pomoc\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edho (<em>would have called)<\/em>, nikoli <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/second-conditional-zasneny-kondicional-2-anglictina-ii\/\">druh\u00e9ho kondicion\u00e1lu<\/a> (<em>would call).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[Podobn\u00fd probl\u00e9m bude v mnoha v\u011bt\u00e1ch s <em>could<\/em>  vs. could have]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"b-would-have-ve-tretim-kondicionalu\"><strong>b) <em>Would have<\/em> ve t\u0159et\u00edm kondicion\u00e1lu<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 v\u011bta ve t\u0159et\u00edm kondicion\u00e1lu bude vypadat takhle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>If my phone <strong>hadn&#8217;t<\/strong> died, I <strong>would have called<\/strong> her.<\/em> (Kdyby se mi nevybil telefon, tak bych j\u00ed &#8211; v minulosti &#8211; zavolal.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Mluv\u00edme o promarn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti z minulosti \u2013 to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee klasicky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me <em>modals in the past<\/em> k popisu ztracen\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-26891\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/would-you-like-rather-mind.jpg\" alt=\"would, would rather, would like to, would you mind, anglictina, gramatika\" class=\"wp-image-26891\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/would-you-like-rather-mind.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/would-you-like-rather-mind-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=26890\">V\u0161e o WOULD! <\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"should-have-sholud-modals-in-the-past-czasowniki-modalne-w-przeszlosci\"><em>3. Should &amp; should have<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kone\u010dn\u011b, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad. A to proto, \u017ee <em>should<\/em> v\u0161ichni znaj\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 jen &#8222;m\u011bl bys&#8220; a to je v\u0161echno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>You <strong>should learn<\/strong> about modals in the past.<\/em> (M\u011bli byste se u\u010dit o mod\u00e1ln\u00edch slovesech v minulosti.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A proto\u017ee <em>should<\/em> nem\u00e1 minul\u00fd \u010das, <em>abychom mohli pou\u017e\u00edt toto mod\u00e1ln\u00ed sloveso v<\/em> minulosti (modals in the past), mus\u00edme jej doplnit <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/pomocna-slovesa-jidla-slovesa\/\">pomocn\u00fdm slovesem<\/a><em> have.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, kdy\u017e nechceme \u0159\u00edci &#8222;co by m\u011bl n\u011bkdo d\u011blat&#8220;, ale &#8222;co <strong>m\u011bl ud\u011blat&#8220;,<\/strong> \u0159ekneme nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>You should <strong>have learnt<\/strong> about modals in the past.<\/em> (V minulosti ses m\u011bl nau\u010dit o mod\u00e1ln\u00edch slovesech v minulosti.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pomoc\u00ed <em>should have<\/em> m\u016f\u017eeme prol\u00e9vat slzy na p\u0159\u00edslove\u010dn\u00fdm rozlit\u00fdm ml\u00e9kem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I should have married him.<\/em> (M\u011bla jsem si ho vz\u00edt.)<\/li><li><em>They should have been here a week ago.<\/em> (M\u011bli tu b\u00fdt u\u017e p\u0159ed t\u00fddnem.)<\/li><li><em>She shouldn&#8217;t have been listening to our private conversation!<\/em> (Nem\u011bla poslouchat n\u00e1\u0161 soukrom\u00fd rozhovor!)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A to je zat\u00edm v\u0161e pro <em>conditionals in the past!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-27006\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/should-kiedy-uzywac-subjunctive.jpg\" alt=\"should, kdy uzivat, subjunctive\" class=\"wp-image-27006\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/should-kiedy-uzywac-subjunctive.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/should-kiedy-uzywac-subjunctive-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=27004\">M\u011bli byste se nyn\u00ed nau\u010dit&#8230; o mod\u00e1ln\u00edm slovese SHOULD!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aby-vase-anglictina-nebyla-promarnenou-prilezitosti\">Aby va\u0161e angli\u010dtina nebyla &#8222;promarn\u011bnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed&#8220;!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak vid\u00edte, d\u016fstojn\u011b ale nebezpe\u010dn\u011b zn\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed <em>could have, would have &amp; should have<\/em>, stejn\u011b jako cel\u00e9 t\u00e9ma <em>modals in the past<\/em> nen\u00ed tak slo\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed &#8211; jako v\u017edy &#8211; je aplikace nov\u011b nau\u010den\u00fdch slov a gramatick\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed v praxi. Ale co z toho, \u017ee bychom dokonce zvl\u00e1dli slo\u017eit <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/certyfikat-angielski-przekroj-cena-najpopularniejsze-egzaminy\/\">zkou\u0161ku z angli\u010dtiny<\/a> (na kterou bychom se p\u0159esn\u011b nau\u010dili gramatick\u00e1 pravidla a seznamy slov), pokud v <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglictina-tarzan\/\">re\u00e1ln\u00fdch situac\u00edch n\u00e1m nejdou slova na jazyk.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto n\u00e1\u0161e \u00fasta tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed tr\u00e9novat &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/jak-se-naucit-mluvit-anglicky-sami-doma\/\">mus\u00edme jen mluvit anglicky!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A ne jen tak ledajak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, proto\u017ee pak si m\u016f\u017eeme zapamatovat chybn\u00e9 konstrukce, kter\u00e9 je t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed se odnau\u010dit, ne\u017e se je v\u016fbec nau\u010dit!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak jak?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"\/?page_id=9359\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nejl\u00e9pe na online kurzu angli\u010dtiny Speakingo! <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny zde spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v mluven\u00ed v angli\u010dtin\u011b podle osnov p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdch va\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni pokro\u010dilosti, v\u011bty obsa\u017een\u00e9 v kurzu nepost\u0159ehnuteln\u011b obsahuj\u00ed ve\u0161kerou gramatiku, kterou pot\u0159ebujete a 2000 nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch slov, jejich\u017e znalost v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed pochopit 90% v\u0161ech konverzac\u00ed v angli\u010dtin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A co v\u00edc, jedn\u00e1 se o online kurz, tak\u017ee se m\u016f\u017eete u\u010dit kdykoli a kdekoli chcete, 24 hodin denn\u011b, 7 dn\u00ed v t\u00fddnu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd stres a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/speakingo-nazory-jazykove-povidani-pocitacem\/\">Je hezk\u00e9 mluvit s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m rozum\u00ed, chv\u00e1l\u00ed v\u00e1s nebo v\u00e1s v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby opravuje d\u00edky technologii rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u010di!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To je nejen rychl\u00e1 a efektivn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1 metoda u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b je nejlep\u0161\u00ed se zaregistrovat n\u00ed\u017ee a vyzkou\u0161et si na t\u00fdden zdarma a bez jak\u00fdchkoli z\u00e1vazk\u016f, zda v\u00e1m tento zp\u016fsob v\u00fduky angli\u010dtiny vyhovuje!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"zaregistruj-se-na-online-kurz-anglictiny-speakingo\">Zaregistruj se na online kurz angli\u010dtiny Speakingo!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"signup-button\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">Start learning<\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"chces-rozumet-anglicanum-zacni-mluvit-jako-oni\">Chce\u0161 rozum\u011bt Angli\u010dan\u016fm? Za\u010dni mluvit jako oni!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ch\u00e1pete, kdy u\u017e\u00edvat could have, would have, should have a o co jde s t\u011bmi v\u0161emi modals in the past? Pokud m\u00e1te n\u011bjak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, polo\u017ete je odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b v koment\u00e1\u0159i &#8211; r\u00e1d odep\u00ed\u0161u!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mod\u00e1ln\u00edch sloves vypad\u00e1 mluven\u00ed o minulosti (modals in the past) trochu jinak ne\u017e pro &#8222;norm\u00e1ln\u00ed&#8220; slovesa. V tomto textu se dozv\u00edte, jak\u00fd rozd\u00edl je mezi could &amp; could have, should &amp; should have a would &amp; would have.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3654,3686,3655],"tags":[4798,4797,4801,4799,4105,4800],"class_list":["post-26906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anglicka-gramatika","category-pokrocila-uroven-c1-c2-advanced","category-stredni-uroven-b1-b2-intermediate","tag-could-have-cs","tag-modals-in-the-past-cs","tag-pasado-cs","tag-should-have-cs","tag-verbos-modales-cs","tag-would-have-done-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Modals in the past: Could \/ Should \/ Would have done &#8902; Speakingo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Modals in the past jsou anglick\u00e1 mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa v minulosti (could have &amp; m\u011bla should have &amp; would have). 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