{"id":60059,"date":"2022-09-29T11:38:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-29T09:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=60059"},"modified":"2022-11-20T14:56:32","modified_gmt":"2022-11-20T13:56:32","slug":"anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple &#8211; prost\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\u010cas <em>present perfect simple <\/em> je jedn\u00edm z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat anglick\u00e9 gramatiky. V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b nem\u00e1me konstrukci, kter\u00e1 by se mu podobala. Tak\u00e9 velmi p\u011bkn\u011b ukazuje dokonalou povahu \u010dasu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Perfektn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1me sklon myslet si, \u017ee existuje minulost, p\u0159\u00edtomnost a budoucnost. Kdy\u017e to v\u0161ak \u0159ekneme modern\u00edmu fyzikovi, jen se zasm\u011bje. N\u011bkdy n\u00e1m \u010das ut\u00edk\u00e1 pomalu, jindy rychle. Stejn\u011b tak fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010das z\u00e1vis\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad na rychlosti &#8211; hodiny vlo\u017een\u00e9 do rakety ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed kolem Zem\u011b ukazovaly jin\u00fd \u010das ne\u017e tyt\u00e9\u017e superp\u0159esn\u00e9 hodiny ponechan\u00e9 na Zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak to ale souvis\u00ed s na\u0161\u00edm \u010dasem <em>present perfect simple<\/em> ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-50460 size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/czas-present-perfect-mystery.jpg\" alt=\"\u010das present perfect\" class=\"wp-image-50460\"\/><figcaption><em>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9 z\u00e1hady. (1. Bermudsk\u00fd troj\u00faheln\u00edk 2. lochnesk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u0161era 3. kruhy v obil\u00ed 4. Kdy pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010das present perfect simple?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co to je \u010das <strong><em>present perfect simple <\/em><\/strong>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Anglick\u00fd <em>present perfect<\/em> je \u010das, kter\u00fd spojuje minulost s p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b bohu\u017eel takov\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez nem\u00e1me, m\u00e1me rigidn\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed do t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed &#8211; minulost, p\u0159\u00edtomnost a budoucnost. V angli\u010dtin\u011b v\u0161ak m\u00e1me tak\u00e9 \u010das <em>present perfect simple <\/em><em>(simple <\/em>znamen\u00e1 jednoduch\u00fd, abychom jej odli\u0161ili od jeho <em>continuous<\/em> verze), kter\u00fd je&#8230;.. trochu minul\u00fd a trochu p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl. V\u017edy\u0165 v\u0161e, \u010d\u00edm jsme, co c\u00edt\u00edme, je v\u00fdsledkem na\u0161ich minul\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed a \u010din\u016f!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ech situac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vznikly v minulosti a jasn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me <em>present perfect simple <\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee proto se anglick\u00e9 v\u011bty v <em>present simple<\/em> n\u011bkdy p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed do \u010desk\u00e9ho minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu a n\u011bkdy do p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I have seen this movie.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Tento film jsem u\u017e <strong>vid\u011bl<\/strong> &#8211; tak\u017ee se na n\u011bj te\u010f nechci d\u00edvat znovu \u2192 \u010desk\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I have lived here for 25 years.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(<strong>\u017diji<\/strong> zde ji\u017e 25 let. \u2192 \u010desk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V obou t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech se v\u0161ak jedn\u00e1 o minulost, kter\u00e1 ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edtomnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A v tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se tak\u00e9 do\u010dtete o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#zastosowanie-czasu-present-perfect\">Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dasu <em>present perfect<\/em>.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#budowa-jak-tworzymy-czas-present-perfect-twierdzenia-pytania-przeczenia\">Stavba <em>present perfect <\/em> (tvrzen\u00ed, ot\u00e1zky, z\u00e1pory).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#wyznaczniki-czasu-present-perfect-its-the-first-time-before-just-yet-already\">Determin\u00e1tory \u010dasu <em>present perfect (already, yet, just<\/em> atd.).<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#cwiczenia-exercises-czas-present-perfect\">Cvi\u010den\u00ed s \u010dasem <em>present perfect<\/em>.<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone is-resized wp-image-46723\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/present-perfect-facebook.jpg\" alt=\"Cas present perfect simple\" class=\"wp-image-46723\" width=\"640\"\/><figcaption><em>&#8222;Nov\u011b obnoven\u00fd status na Facebooku \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jsi m\u016fj status vid\u011bl p\u0159ed 2 minutami &#8211; pro\u010d jsi neodpov\u011bd\u011bl?&#8220; (Kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 v\u011bta v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase! &#8211; Why haven&#8217;t you responded?). Prvn\u00ed v\u011bta je v \u010dase <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60044\">simple past<\/a>, proto\u017ee je uveden konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed okam\u017eik v minulosti (p\u0159ed 2 minutami).<br><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"zastosowanie-czasu-present-perfect\">1. Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dasu <em><strong>present simple<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se tedy postupn\u011b, v jak\u00fdch situac\u00edch bychom m\u011bli tuto pon\u011bkud p\u0159\u00edtomnou a pon\u011bkud minulou gramatickou konstrukci pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cas <em>present perfect<\/em> je v\u017edy spojen s p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed (koneckonc\u016f m\u00e1 <em>present<\/em> ve sv\u00e9m n\u00e1zvu).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nikde nem\u016f\u017eu naj\u00edt kl\u00ed\u010de, hled\u00e1m a hled\u00e1m. Tak\u017ee \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I have lost my keys<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Ztratil jsem kl\u00ed\u010de).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m kombinovat \u010das <em>present perfect<\/em> s jin\u00fdmi \u010dasy, nap\u0159\u00edklad s <em>past simple<\/em>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She told me<\/em> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60044\">[\u010das past simple<\/a>] her name but I&#8217;ve forgotten it&nbsp;[\u010das present perfect]. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0158ekla mi sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no [n\u011bkdy v minulosti, proto <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60044\">simple past<\/a>]<\/em>, ale zapomn\u011bl jsem ho [te\u010f si sakra nem\u016f\u017eu vzpomenout tedy <em>present perfect<\/em>]).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"426\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czas-present-perfect-simple-tense.jpg\" alt=\"sestava anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f, present perfect\" class=\"wp-image-49332\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b lze ho kombinovat i s <em>present simple<\/em>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em> I can&#8217;t find my phone. Have you seen it?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nemohu naj\u00edt sv\u016fj telefon <em>[<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59544\">present simple<\/a><\/em>]. Vid\u011bl jsi ho [rozum\u011bj: v\u00ed\u0161, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed?])<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee kombinovat i s ostatn\u00edmi gramatick\u00fdmi \u010dasy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cas <em>present perfect<\/em> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me tak\u00e9 k ozn\u00e1men\u00ed ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed nebo k poskytnut\u00ed nov\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Ow! I&#8217;ve cut my finger<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Au! \u0158\u00edzl jsem se do prstu [tak\u017ee te\u010f krv\u00e1c\u00ed, volejte z\u00e1chrannou slu\u017ebu!])<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>There is a terrible traffic jam, because there&#8217;s been an accident<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Je tady hrozn\u00e1 dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpa, proto\u017ee se stala nehoda &#8211; [nehoda je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy, a ovliv\u0148uje tak p\u0159\u00edtomnost])<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm slovem, pravidlo, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba si zapamatovat, zn\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u010cas <em>present perfect<\/em> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me v situac\u00edch, <\/strong><\/p><p><strong>kdy\u017e n\u011bco za\u010dalo v neur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku v minulosti <\/strong><\/p><p><strong>a ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edtomnost.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad jako v tomto memu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-48445 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/czas-present-perfect-crazy.jpg\" alt=\"cas present perfect simple, brad pitt, anglicka gramatika\" class=\"wp-image-48445\"\/><figcaption><em>&#8222;Kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jsi bl\u00e1zen &#8211; ale nikdy t\u011b nevid\u011bl, kdy\u017e jsi byl bl\u00e1zen.&#8220; &#8211; zku\u0161enost, nebo zde jej\u00ed nedostatek, se z neur\u010dit\u00e9 minulosti prom\u00edt\u00e1 do p\u0159\u00edtomnosti!<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nechval <em><strong>present perfect<\/strong><\/em> p\u0159ed ve\u010derem!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee je v\u0161echno perfektn\u00ed, je to perfect! Dokud to neskon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te \u010dasov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy, nap\u0159. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>today<\/em><\/strong> (dnes),<\/li><li><strong><em>this morning<\/em><\/strong> (dnes r\u00e1no)<\/li><li><em><strong>this year<\/strong><\/em> (v tomto roce)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>to dan\u00e1ho \u010dasu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me dokud to obdob\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b neskon\u010dilo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I&#8217;ve already drunk five cups of tea today.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Dnes u\u017e jsem vypil p\u011bt \u0161\u00e1lk\u016f \u010daje &#8211; a mo\u017en\u00e1 vypiju dal\u0161\u00edch p\u011bt, proto\u017ee den je je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00fd!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Have you been to the cinema this year?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Byli jste letos v kin\u011b? &#8211; z t\u00e9to stavby se zd\u00e1, \u017ee tento rok je\u0161t\u011b neskon\u010dil! Tak\u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b letos p\u016fjdu do kina, je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed v\u0161echno ztraceno! <em>Been<\/em> je &#8222;t\u0159et\u00ed tvar&#8220; od &#8222;b\u00fdt&#8220;: <em>be-was\/were-been<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Alice has worked very hard this term.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Alice v tomto pololet\u00ed velmi tvrd\u011b pracovala\/u\u010dila se &#8211; tak\u017ee si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee j\u00ed d\u00e1m dobrou zn\u00e1mku nebo n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho, ale a\u017e po skon\u010den\u00ed pololet\u00ed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud v\u0161ak dan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed ji\u017e skon\u010dilo (nap\u0159. \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me <em>this morning,<\/em> i kdy\u017e u\u017e je ve\u010der), pak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me minul\u00fd \u010das <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60044\"><em>simple past<\/em><\/a>. Ale o <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59997\">rozd\u00edlech mezi <em>simple past<\/em> a <em>present perfect<\/em> v samostatn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized wp-image-44879\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past.jpg\" alt=\"Anglick\u00e9 minul\u00e9 \u010dasy past simple continuous\" class=\"wp-image-44879\" width=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past.jpg 833w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past-768x664.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><figcaption><em>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60062\">Anglick\u00e9 minul\u00e9 \u010dasy &#8211; p\u0159ehled<\/a><\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cas <strong><em>present perfect<\/em><\/strong> v podm\u00ednkov\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch (<em>conditionals<\/em>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to trochu pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed t\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud si ve v\u011bt\u011b v\u0161imnete slov jako nap\u0159. <em><strong>when<\/strong><\/em> (kdy, kdy\u017e), <em><strong>as soon as<\/strong><\/em> (jakmile), <em><strong>after<\/strong><\/em> (po), <em><strong>before<\/strong><\/em> (p\u0159ed) nebo <em><strong>until<\/strong><\/em> (do kdy), m\u011bla by se v\u00e1m rozsv\u00edtit kontrolka &#8222;\u00d3, <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/real-and-unreal-conditionals-conditional-modes-english\/\">podm\u00ednkov\u00e1 v\u011bta<\/a>!&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V kontextu \u010dasu <em>present perfect<\/em> to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee (ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch s <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/first-conditional-1-prvni-kondicional-anglictina\/\">prvn\u00edm kondicion\u00e1lem<\/a>) \u0159ekneme:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Can I borrow your book <strong>when <\/strong>you <strong>have finished<\/strong> it?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(M\u016f\u017ee\u0161 mi knihu p\u016fj\u010dit, a\u017e ji do\u010dte\u0161?). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee a\u010dkoli mluv\u00edme o <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/future-in-the-past-perfect-continuous\/\">budoucnosti<\/a>, nen\u00ed zde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59210\">will<\/a>!<\/em> Tato v\u011bta popisuje budoucnost, ale m\u00edsto <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59210\">future simple<\/a><\/em> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me <em>present perfect<\/em>, proto\u017ee zde m\u00e1me podm\u00ednkovou v\u011btu &#8211; tato \u010d\u00e1st v\u011bty n\u00e1sleduje po podm\u00ednce, kterou je slovo <em>when<\/em>!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>nebo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I&#8217;ll come <strong>after<\/strong> I <strong>have finished<\/strong> my work.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(P\u0159ijdu rychle-jak-jen dokon\u010d\u00edm svou pr\u00e1ci.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecn\u011b jsou v\u0161ak <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/real-and-unreal-conditionals-conditional-modes-english\/\">kondicion\u00fdly (<em>conditionals<\/em><\/a> ) rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm t\u00e9matem, kter\u00e9mu se v\u011bnuji v n\u011bkolika samostatn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch, a zde jsem cht\u011bl toto t\u00e9ma pouze nazna\u010dit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/present-perfect-continuous-grammar.jpg\" alt=\"cas present perfect continuous tense\" class=\"wp-image-49616\"\/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59868\">\u010cek\u00e1n\u00ed na \u010das present perfect <strong>continuous<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"budowa-jak-tworzymy-czas-present-perfect-twierdzenia-pytania-przeczenia\">2. Jak tvo\u0159\u00edme \u010das <em><strong>present perfect?<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A nyn\u00ed trocha teorie. To je op\u011bt obl\u00edben\u00fd moment pro studenty angli\u010dtiny. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b jsem nejprve uvedl n\u011bkolik praktick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed, teprve nyn\u00ed p\u0159ejdu k teorii &#8211; kter\u00e1 se, jak u\u017e to v angli\u010dtin\u011b b\u00fdv\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e praxe! Ale mysl\u00edm, \u017ee jakmile si trochu &#8222;osah\u00e1te&#8220; tento \u010das, n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed v\u00e1m neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u017ee k v\u011bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-51160\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"686\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/czas-present-perfect-nervous.jpg\" alt=\"\u010das present perfect\" class=\"wp-image-51160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/czas-present-perfect-nervous.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/czas-present-perfect-nervous-280x300.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>&#8222;Nerv\u00f3zn\u00ed? (Boj\u00ed\u0161 se?)&#8220; &#8222;Ano, velmi.&#8220; &#8222;Poprv\u00e9?&#8220; &#8222;Ne, u\u017e jsem byl mnohokr\u00e1t ve stresu.&#8220; &#8211; mluv\u00edme o zku\u0161enostech z bl\u00ed\u017ee neur\u010den\u00e9 minulosti, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161i p\u0159\u00edtomnou zku\u0161enost.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stavba \u010dasu <em>present perfect<\/em> <em>simple<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento \u010das se netvo\u0159\u00ed pomoc\u00ed jednoho <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/100-nejuzivanejsich-sloves-v-anglictine\/\">slovesa<\/a>, ale dvou! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me tak\u00e9 tzv. <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/pomocna-slovesa-jidla-slovesa\/\">pomocn\u00e9 sloveso (<em>auxilliary verb)<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em><strong><em>have<\/em><\/strong><em> (has<\/em> pro she, he, it) a teprve potom &#8222;norm\u00e1ln\u00ed&#8220; sloveso, zde <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/co-to-irregular-verbs-anglicka-nepravidelna-slovesa\/\">&#8222;ve t\u0159et\u00edm tvaru&#8220; <em>(past participle<\/em>).<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>have\/has + <\/em>III. tvar <em>= present perfect<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento &#8222;t\u0159et\u00ed tvar&#8220; je: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>U pravideln\u00fdch sloves sta\u010d\u00ed minul\u00fd tvar s koncovkou<em> -ed<\/em>.<\/li><li>Velmi \u010dasto se v\u0161ak jedn\u00e1 o zn\u00e1m\u00fd &#8222;t\u0159et\u00ed sloupec&#8220; tabulky <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/co-to-irregular-verbs-anglicka-nepravidelna-slovesa\/\">nepravideln\u00fdch sloves<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee nepravideln\u00fdch sloves je pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo, jedn\u00e1 se o nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anglick\u00e1 slova. Proto je na jejich u\u010den\u00ed kladen takov\u00fd d\u016fraz. A\u010dkoli jsem proti u\u010den\u00ed se such\u00fdch seznam\u016f slov\u00ed\u010dek, proto\u017ee pozd\u011bji nev\u00edme, v jak\u00e9m kontextu a jak by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita, a v\u017edy zd\u016fraz\u0148uji d\u016fle\u017eitost u\u010den\u00ed se cel\u00fdch fr\u00e1z\u00ed, u nepravideln\u00fdch sloves na <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kurz-anglictiny-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">online kurzu angli\u010dtiny Speakingo<\/a> jsem ud\u011blal v\u00fdjimku &#8211; jsou to jedin\u00e1 slov\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 se v kurzu mus\u00edte nau\u010dit nazpam\u011b\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">Start learning<\/button><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/past-participle-co-to.jpg\" alt=\"past participle, co to je, anglictina, present, perfect\" class=\"wp-image-26648\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/past-participle-co-to.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/past-participle-co-to-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>&#8222;Kdy\u017e m\u00e1te zkou\u0161ku z angli\u010dtiny, ale studovali jste matematiku&#8220; Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/past-participle-co-to-je-anglicky\/\">Co to je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9 (past participle)?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A te\u010f znovu, pomalu a postupn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jednoduch\u00e1 oznamovac\u00ed v\u011bta v anglick\u00e9m \u010dase <em>present perfect simple<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed je za\u010d\u00edt s t\u00edm, co u\u017e v\u00edme. Vezm\u011bme si nap\u0159\u00edklad jednoduchou v\u011btu: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I love a girl.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Je to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u011bta v <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59544\">p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase <em>present simple<\/em><\/a>, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee obecn\u011b to tak m\u00e1m, miluji ji st\u00e1le a po celou dobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abychom <strong>tuto v\u011btu p\u0159evedli do <em>present perfect<\/em><\/strong>, mus\u00edme <strong>p\u0159idat <em>have<\/em> a sloveso <em>love<\/em><\/strong> nahradit p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00edm minul\u00fdm. S <em>love<\/em> m\u00e1me to \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee je to <strong>pravideln\u00e9 sloveso. <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sloveso je pravideln\u00e9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee &#8222;t\u0159et\u00ed forma&#8220; (ta pro <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60064\">perfecty<\/a><\/em>) je stejn\u00e1 jako &#8222;druh\u00fd tvar&#8220; (pro &#8222;oby\u010dejn\u00fd&#8220; minul\u00fd \u010das). A minul\u00fd \u010das sloves tvo\u0159\u00edme jednodu\u0161e tak, \u017ee ke slovu p\u0159id\u00e1me koncovku <em>-ed<\/em>, tj. <em>love-loved<\/em> (miluje &#8211; miloval).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho mus\u00edme p\u0159idat pomocn\u00e9 sloveso <em>have<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v \u010dase <em>present perfect<\/em> bude na\u0161e v\u011bta vypadat takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I <strong>have<\/strong> lov<strong>ed<\/strong> a girl.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bohu\u017eel, jak jsem se ji\u017e zm\u00ednil, ta nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anglick\u00e1 slovesa jsou nepravideln\u00e1 a nen\u00ed zde co kombinovat, mus\u00edte se je prost\u011b nau\u010dit nazpam\u011b\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro nepravideln\u00e9 sloveso &#8222;vid\u011bt&#8220; je to: <em>see-saw-<strong>seen<\/strong><\/em> a proto v\u011bta zn\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I have <strong>seen <\/strong>a girl.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Vid\u011bl jsem d\u00edvku.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nebo tak\u00e9 \u0159ekneme nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I have been to America.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Byl jsem v Americe &#8211; nev\u00edme kdy, ale m\u00e1m tu zku\u0161enost, dnes u\u017e v\u00edm, jak to tam vypad\u00e1. &#8222;Be&#8220; je tak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 nepravideln\u00e9 sloveso: <em>be-<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kdy-was-kdy-were-jak-obmenovat-to-be-past-simple-continuous\/\">was\/were<\/a>&#8211;<strong>been<\/strong><\/em>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-30639\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/yet-already-just-still-cat.jpg\" alt=\"Kdy je\u0161t\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt yet, already, just &amp; still v \u010dase present perfect?\" class=\"wp-image-30639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/yet-already-just-still-cat.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/yet-already-just-still-cat-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>&#8222;Den 47: St\u00e1le si m\u011b nev\u0161imli.&#8220;<\/em> Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kdy-pouzit-yet-already-still-present-perfect-anglictina\/\"><em>Kdy pou\u017e\u00edvat yet, already, just &amp; still v \u010dase present perfect?<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Have nebo &#8218;ve?<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud dob\u0159e poslouch\u00e1te, co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed <em>rodil\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed <\/em>(Angli\u010dan\u00e9, <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/rozdily-mezi-americkou-a-britskou-gramatikou-v-anglictine\/\">Ameri\u010dan\u00e9<\/a>, Australan\u00e9 atd.), obvykle cel\u00e9 toto <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/pomocna-slovesa-jidla-slovesa\/\">pomocn\u00e9 sloveso<\/a> <em>have<\/em> v\u016fbec nesly\u0161\u00edme. Je to proto, \u017ee pln\u00e9 slovo <em>have<\/em> obvykle zkracujeme na <em>&#8218;ve<\/em>. Pak budou na\u0161e v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 v\u011bty vypadat takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I&#8217;ve already seen this movie<\/em><\/li><li><em>I&#8217;ve been to America.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, pokud n\u011bkdo mluv\u00ed rychle, \u010dasto spolkne i to <em>&#8222;f<\/em>&#8222;, tak\u017ee <em>&#8222;I have been&#8220;<\/em> bude dokonce sly\u0161et ne jako <em>Ajfbin,<\/em> ale jako <i>Ajbin<\/i>. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u011bli bychom v\u0161ak v\u011bd\u011bt a pamatovat si, \u017ee se tam skr\u00fdv\u00e1 <em>have<\/em> pln\u00e9 sl\u00e1v\u011b a n\u00e1dhe\u0159e! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e mus\u00edme \u010das od \u010dasu n\u011bco napsat. Pak je to \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e1 v\u011bc! T\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee v p\u00edsemn\u00e9m projevu &#8211; zejm\u00e9na ve form\u00e1ln\u00edch textech &#8211; bychom m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edvat pln\u00e9 tvary <em>(have)<\/em>, nikoliv zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9 <em>(&#8218;ve<\/em> ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-39197 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/formy-sciagniete.jpg\" alt=\"kraceni v anglictina tvary stazene\" class=\"wp-image-39197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/formy-sciagniete.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/formy-sciagniete-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60049\">Kr\u00e1cen\u00ed v angli\u010dtin\u011b tedy formy sta\u017een\u00e9.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Have<\/em> nebo <em>has<\/em>?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee on, ona, ono (t\u0159et\u00ed osoba jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla) nem\u00e1 <em>have,<\/em> ale <em>has<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli tedy \u0159ekneme:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I <strong>have <\/strong>seen a dragon.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Vid\u011bl jsem draka. &#8211; Dnes jsem to za\u017eil, v\u00edm, \u017ee opravdu existuj\u00ed!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ji\u017e plat\u00ed, \u017ee he, she, it \u0159ekne:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She <strong>has <\/strong>seen the dragon.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Vid\u011bla draka).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Angli\u010dan\u00e9 by samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nebyli sami sebou, kdyby tak\u00e9 <em>has<\/em> nezkr\u00e1tili. Tentokr\u00e1t na samotn\u00e9 <em>&#8218;s.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dostaneme:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She<strong>&#8218;s<\/strong> seen a dragon.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone is-resized wp-image-46728\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/present-perfect-star.jpg\" alt=\"\u010das present perfect\" class=\"wp-image-46728\" width=\"640\"\/><figcaption><em>\u0158ekl ti n\u011bkdy n\u011bkdo, \u017ee vypad\u00e1\u0161 jako filmov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda&#8230;. <\/em>Viz tak\u00e9: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/ever-never-before-present-perfect-anglictina\/\">Ever, never &amp; before maj\u00ed r\u00e1di \u010das present perfect<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak tvo\u0159\u00edme ot\u00e1zky v \u010dase <em><strong>present perfect<\/strong><\/em>?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak je v angli\u010dtin\u011b obvykl\u00e9, ot\u00e1zky v \u010dase <em>present perfect<\/em> se tvo\u0159\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/inverze-anglictina-prevraceny-slovosled-stylisticka-inverze-stylistic-inversion\/\">p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00fdm slovosledem (inverz\u00ed)<\/a>, tj. p\u0159ehozen\u00edm prvn\u00edch dvou slov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He&#8217;s killed the monster.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b &#8211; ned\u00e1vno zabil netvora.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud tomu nev\u011b\u0159\u00edme, zept\u00e1me se:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Has he killed the monster?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Zabil netvora?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V <strong>ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch nelze pou\u017e\u00edvat zkratky<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho by za\u010d\u00e1tek v\u011bty s <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59995\">apostrofem <\/a>vypadal komicky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><del><em>(&#8218;s he killed the monster?)<\/em><\/del><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak tvo\u0159\u00edme z\u00e1pory v \u010dase <em>present perfect<\/em>?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1pory se tradi\u010dn\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm <em>not, <\/em>co\u017e znamen\u00e1&#8220;ne&#8220; (<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/no-not-none-any-zapor-anglictina\/\"><em>not<\/em> znamen\u00e1 v podstat\u011b tot\u00e9\u017e co <em>no<\/em>)<\/a>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v na\u0161em v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by to bylo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He has not killed the monster.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(P\u0159\u00ed\u0161eru nezabil.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nebo ve zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9 verzi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He hasn&#8217;t killed the monster.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u016f\u017eeme tak\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na v hovorov\u00e9m jazyce, zkracovat: <em>have not \u2192 haven&#8217;t<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>We have not eaten anything yet.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>We haven&#8217;t eaten anything yet.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Je\u0161t\u011b jsme nic nejedli.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161e zat\u00edm vypad\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b jednodu\u0161e. Pokud se s \u010dasem <em>present perfect<\/em> teprve seznamujete, je mo\u017en\u00e1 vhodn\u00e1 chv\u00edle p\u0159estat \u010d\u00edst. A nejl\u00e9pe je p\u0159ej\u00edt od teorie k praxi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">Start learning<\/button><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-40341 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/perfect.jpg\" alt=\"Czas present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, future perfect\" class=\"wp-image-40341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/perfect.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/perfect-300x179.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60040\"> \u010cas present perfect, present perfect contiuous, past perfect, future perfect&#8230; a dal\u0161\u00ed perfekty!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, pokud se u\u017e n\u011bjakou dobu u\u010d\u00edte, zvu v\u00e1s, abyste se dozv\u011bd\u011bli v\u00edce o z\u00e1ludnostech \u010dasu <em>present perfect!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"wyznaczniki-czasu-present-perfect-its-the-first-time-before-just-yet-already\">3. \u010casov\u00e9 determin\u00e1tory <strong><em>present perfect<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1le do lesa, t\u00edm v\u00edce strom\u016f. Proto\u017ee v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b neexistuje nic podobn\u00e9ho \u010dasu <em>present perfect<\/em>, budeme m\u00edsto n\u011bj s tvrdohlavost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60044\">minul\u00fd \u010das <em>simple past<\/em><\/a>. Co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt n\u011bkdy fat\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-30539 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/porownanie-czas-present-perfect-past-simple-roznica-zabic.jpg\" alt=\"srovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010das\u016f present perfect i past simple, rozdil muze zabit\" class=\"wp-image-30539\"\/><figcaption><em>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59997\">Dok\u00e1\u017ee rozd\u00edl mezi \u010dasem present perfect a \u010dasem past simple zab\u00edt?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Zat\u00edm v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik pozn\u00e1mek k samotn\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dasu <em>present perfect<\/em>, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m pomohou tuto velmi zaj\u00edmavou gramatickou konstrukci spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed si probereme n\u011bkter\u00e1 slova, kter\u00e1 se r\u00e1da objevuj\u00ed v <em>present perfect<\/em> &#8211; proto se jim n\u011bkdy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 &#8222;\u010dasov\u00e9 determin\u00e1tory&#8220;. &#8211; I kdy\u017e bych tuto radu nebral jako absolutn\u00ed a v\u017edy platn\u00e9 pravidlo!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kouzlo prvn\u00edho okam\u017eiku<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdykoli pou\u017eijeme v\u00fdraz <strong><em>it&#8217;s the first time<\/em><\/strong> (je to poprv\u00e9) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me \u010das <em>present perfect<\/em>. Takov\u00e1 n\u00e1pov\u011bda stoj\u00ed za zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>It&#8217;s the first time I&#8217;ve tasted honey.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Med jsem ochutnala poprv\u00e9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se i druh\u00fd a t\u0159et\u00ed pokus:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>David has lost his phone again. It&#8217;s the second time this has happened.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(David op\u011bt ztratil telefon. Tohle je podruh\u00e9, co se to stalo.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I&#8217;m calling the office again. It&#8217;s the fifth time I&#8217;ve phoned them today.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Znovu vol\u00e1m do kancel\u00e1\u0159e, dnes u\u017e pop\u00e1t\u00e9.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-34094 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/internetowy-angielski.jpg\" alt=\"Anglicky online\" class=\"wp-image-34094\"\/><figcaption><em>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/internetova-anglictina\/\">M\u016f\u017ee online angli\u010dtina usp\u011bt?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nejlep\u0161\u00ed, nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed a nejdokonalej\u0161\u00ed \u010das <em><strong>present perfect<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Podobn\u00e1 situace nastane, pokud se \u010das <em>present perfect<\/em> spoj\u00ed s <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/superlatives-anglicka-pridavna-jmena-v-nejvyssim-stupni\/\">nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm stupn\u011bm p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na (<em>superlative<\/em><\/a>). Ne v\u017edy, ale \u010dasto \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>It&#8217;s the best movie I have ever seen.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Je to nejlep\u0161\u00ed film, jak\u00fd jsem kdy vid\u011bl.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>That was the most delicious meal I have had in my life!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Bylo to nejchutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed j\u00eddlo, jak\u00e9 jsem kdy jedl!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cas <em>present perfect<\/em> a <em>just<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Just<\/em> znamen\u00e1: pr\u00e1v\u011b, p\u0159ed chv\u00edl\u00ed. Proto se dokonale hod\u00ed do \u010dasu <em>present perfect<\/em>, a proto jdou <em>just<\/em> a <em>present perfect<\/em> \u010dasto ruku v ruce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Would you like something to eat?<\/em><\/li><li><em> No, thanks. I&#8217;ve just had lunch.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(D\u00e1\u0161 si n\u011bco k j\u00eddlu?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Ne, d\u00edky, pr\u00e1v\u011b jsem ob\u011bdval.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>You look tired. Have you just finished work?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Vypad\u00e1\u0161 unaven\u011b. To jsi pr\u00e1v\u011b skon\u010dil v pr\u00e1ci?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-31578 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/trzy-nawyki-skutecznej-nauki-jezyka-angielskiego.jpg\" alt=\"n\u00e1vyky efektivn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny\" class=\"wp-image-31578\"\/><figcaption><em>\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/navyky-efektivni-learning-anglictina\/\">T\u0159i n\u00e1vyky efektivn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny podle v\u011bdy.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cas <em>present perfect<\/em> a <em>already<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Already<\/em> znamen\u00e1 &#8222;ji\u017e&#8220; ve smyslu n\u011b\u010deho, co se stalo d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1valo. <em>Already<\/em> se vyskytuje uprost\u0159ed v\u011bty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em> Don&#8217;t forget to water my plants!<\/em><\/li><li><em> I&#8217;ve already watered them.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nezapome\u0148 zal\u00e9vat m\u00e9 rostliny.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(U\u017e jsem je pozal\u00e9vala.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em> I&#8217;ve only just had lunch and I&#8217;m already hungry!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Sotva jsem se naob\u011bdval a u\u017e m\u00e1m hlad!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-49801 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"521\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/present-perfect-tense-speakingo-favourite.jpg\" alt=\"\u010das present perfect\" class=\"wp-image-49801\"\/><figcaption><em>Jak\u00fd je v\u00e1\u0161 obl\u00edben\u00fd gramatick\u00fd \u010das? Present perfect. Chci, aby v\u0161echno bylo dokonal\u00e9 hned te\u010f (v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cas <em>present perfect<\/em> i <em>yet<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Yet<\/em> znamen\u00e1 &#8222;ji\u017e&#8220; ve smyslu &#8222;zat\u00edm&#8220;. T\u00edm d\u00e1v\u00e1me najevo, \u017ee n\u011bco o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde m\u00e1me m\u00edrnou nuanci &#8211; <em>yet<\/em> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pouze v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch a z\u00e1poru*. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">*(alespo\u0148 v tomto smyslu, proto\u017ee <em>yet<\/em> m\u016f\u017ee znamenat i n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho a pak lze nap\u0159: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>This is yet another example of exceptions in English language.<\/em>.. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">(Toto je dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdjimek v angli\u010dtin\u011b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">&#8211; zde m\u00e1 <em>yet<\/em> jin\u00fd v\u00fdznam &#8211; je to v podstat\u011b druh\u00e9 slovo, kter\u00e9 zn\u00ed a vypad\u00e1 stejn\u011b. Ale u\u017e to nebudeme d\u00e1l rozvi\u0159ovat a vr\u00e1t\u00edme se k t\u00e9matu \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>It&#8217;s already 11 o&#8217;clock and Katka hasn&#8217;t got up yet.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Je u\u017e 11 hodin a Katka je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed vzh\u016fru.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Has it stopped raining yet?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(U\u017e p\u0159estalo pr\u0161et?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I have written a book but I haven&#8217;t published it yet.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Napsal jsem knihu, ale je\u0161t\u011b jsem ji nevydal).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ever-never-before-czas-present-perfect-cow.jpg\" alt=\"Ever, never &amp; before \u010das present perfect\" class=\"wp-image-32926\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ever-never-before-czas-present-perfect-cow.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ever-never-before-czas-present-perfect-cow-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>&#8222;N\u011bkdy si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, jestli jsem koupil ml\u00e9ko od stejn\u00e9 kr\u00e1vy dvakr\u00e1t&#8220; Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/ever-never-before-present-perfect-anglictina\/\">Ever, never &amp; before se r\u00e1di poj\u00ed s present perfect.<\/a> <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrazy, kter\u00e9 se l\u00edb\u00ed \u010dasu <strong><em>present perfect<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee \u010das <em>present perfect<\/em> popisuje d\u011bj, kter\u00fd za\u010dal n\u011bkdy v minulosti a pokra\u010duje a\u017e do p\u0159\u00edtomnosti, v\u00fdrazy popisuj\u00edc\u00ed ned\u00e1vnou minulost se sem hod\u00ed jako ulit\u00e9. Jedn\u00e1 se nap\u0159\u00edklad o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>recently<\/em> (ned\u00e1vno),<\/li><li><em>in the last few days<\/em> (v posledn\u00edch dnech),<\/li><li><em>so far<\/em> (dosud)<\/li><li>a slavn\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60009\"><em>since<\/em> a <em>for<\/em><\/a> (od n\u011bjak\u00e9ho \u010dasu a p\u0159es n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em> Have you heard from Tom recently?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Sly\u0161eli jste v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b o Tomovi n\u011bjak\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>We haven&#8217;t had any problems with him so far.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Zat\u00edm jsme s n\u00edm nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em> I&#8217;ve made a lot of connections in the last few months.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(V posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch jsem nav\u00e1zal mnoho kontakt\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em> I haven&#8217;t seen her since primary school.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nevid\u011bl jsem ji od z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He&#8217;s lived here for ages.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u017dil\/\u017eije zde ji\u017e &#8222;po stalet\u00ed&#8220;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeliko\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o \u010dasto problematick\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 nav\u00edc pat\u0159\u00ed mezi obl\u00edben\u00e9 oblasti mu\u010den\u00ed student\u016f p\u0159i testech, <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60009\">zvu v\u00e1s na samostatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek na t\u00e9ma <\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60009\">since &amp; for<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A to by bylo v\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud v\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1, jak je v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase \u0159e\u0161en trpn\u00fd rod, odkazuji v\u00e1s ji\u017e nyn\u00ed na n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fd z\u00e1znam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"417\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/present-perfect-passive-voice-strona-bierna-czasie-it-has-been-done.jpg\" alt=\"Present perfect passive voice, stavba, u\u017eit\u00ed, trpn\u00fd rod, anglick\u00e1 gramatika s m\u00fdvalem\" class=\"wp-image-24401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/present-perfect-passive-voice-strona-bierna-czasie-it-has-been-done.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/present-perfect-passive-voice-strona-bierna-czasie-it-has-been-done-300x195.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/present-perfect-passive-tense-angielcky-trpny-rod-it-has-been-done-gramatika\/\">Present perfect passive.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cwiczenia-exercises-czas-present-perfect\">4. <strong>Cvi\u010den\u00ed na \u010das <em>present perfect<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e trocha teorie neu\u0161kod\u00ed, nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zvyknout si pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010das <em>present perfect<\/em> v praxi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Present perfect<\/em> je nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010dasem pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm v angli\u010dtin\u011b. Na druhou stranu, proto\u017ee v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b takov\u00e1 konstrukce neexistuje, jej\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 aplikace n\u00e1m p\u016fsob\u00ed velk\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto se vyplat\u00ed hodn\u011b cvi\u010dit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cvi\u010den\u00ed a kv\u00edzy tak\u00e9 pomohou. Osobn\u011b jsem v\u0161ak zast\u00e1ncem u\u010den\u00ed se mluven\u00edm a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto konstrukc\u00ed ve skute\u010dn\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Proto v <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kurz-anglictiny-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">online kurzu angli\u010dtiny Speakingo<\/a> najdete spoustu v\u011bt s \u010dasem <em>present perfect!<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Budou obsahovat v\u0161echny v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 (a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch) gramatick\u00e9 konstrukce a pouh\u00fdm opakov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u011bt se v\u00e1m v\u0161echny podv\u011bdom\u011b dostanou do hlavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee na Speakingo mluv\u00edte&#8230; s telefonem nebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m rozum\u00ed, chv\u00e1l\u00ed v\u00e1s a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby i opravuje. A vy se &#8222;jen&#8220; d\u00edv\u00e1te na hezk\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky, poslouch\u00e1te rodil\u00e9ho mluv\u010d\u00edho, odpov\u00edd\u00e1te na ot\u00e1zky na va\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni a v\u0161echny znalosti se v\u00e1m dostanou do hlavy samy! Jako d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 se pr\u00e1v\u011b u\u010d\u00ed mluvit!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00ed je zaregistrovat se dv\u011bma kliknut\u00edmi n\u00ed\u017ee a nez\u00e1vazn\u011b se p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, jak z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 je u\u010dit se angli\u010dtinu v kurzech Speakingo!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>A jak\u00e9 jsou va\u0161e zku\u0161enosti s t\u00edmto zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm gramatick\u00fdm \u010dasem? <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Nev\u00e1hejte se pt\u00e1t a komentovat n\u00ed\u017ee!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Zaregistrujte se na online kurz angli\u010dtiny Speakingo!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Chce\u0161 rozum\u011bt Angli\u010dan\u016fm? Za\u010dni mluvit jako oni!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010cas present perfect simple je jedn\u00edm z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat anglick\u00e9 gramatiky. V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b nem\u00e1me konstrukci, kter\u00e1 by se mu podobala. Tak\u00e9 velmi p\u011bkn\u011b ukazuje dokonalou povahu \u010dasu!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3654,4340],"tags":[8143,8142,3953,8144,6532,7994],"class_list":["post-60059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anglicka-gramatika","category-zkousky-a-certifikaty","tag-cas-perfect","tag-cas-present-perfect-simple","tag-gramatica-cs","tag-perfekt-cs","tag-soucasnost-perfektni","tag-zeitformen-cs-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple - p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1! &#8902; Speakingo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple je jednou z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch konstrukc\u00ed v anglick\u00e9 gramatice. V pol\u0161\u010de\u0161tin\u011b nic podobn\u00e9ho neexistuje.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple - prost\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple je jednou z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch konstrukc\u00ed v anglick\u00e9 gramatice. V pol\u0161\u010de\u0161tin\u011b nic podobn\u00e9ho neexistuje.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Speakingo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/speakingo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-09-29T09:38:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-11-20T13:56:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"588\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Speakingo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Speakingo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"18 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Speakingo\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5763d7b0b1807ae35cfbfdf9794c9981\"},\"headline\":\"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple &#8211; prost\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1!\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-29T09:38:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-11-20T13:56:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3747,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"cas perfect\",\"Cas present perfect simple\",\"gram\u00e1tica\",\"perfekt\",\"sou\u010dasnost perfektn\u00ed\",\"Zeitformen\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Anglick\u00e1 gramatika\",\"Zkou\u0161ky a certifik\u00e1ty\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/\",\"name\":\"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple - p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1! &#8902; Speakingo\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-29T09:38:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-11-20T13:56:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple je jednou z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch konstrukc\u00ed v anglick\u00e9 gramatice. V pol\u0161\u010de\u0161tin\u011b nic podobn\u00e9ho neexistuje.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":588,\"caption\":\"present perfect simple\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Speakingo\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Anglick\u00e1 gramatika\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.speakingo.com\\\/cs\\\/category\\\/anglicka-gramatika\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple &#8211; prost\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1!\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Speakingo\",\"description\":\"Learn English Online!\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Speakingo\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/speakingo-kurs-jezyka-angielskiego-online-curso-ingles-sukces-main-english.png.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/04\\\/speakingo-kurs-jezyka-angielskiego-online-curso-ingles-sukces-main-english.png.jpg\",\"width\":500,\"height\":344,\"caption\":\"Speakingo\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/speakingo\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UC5u_DFTWwYDEI1GGjo5lFnQ\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/speakingo.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5763d7b0b1807ae35cfbfdf9794c9981\",\"name\":\"Speakingo\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/5018e96a28455ead2207f12d70ffc10289e8640d48019b6c4e66517dc3a37a01?s=96&d=monsterid&r=pg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/5018e96a28455ead2207f12d70ffc10289e8640d48019b6c4e66517dc3a37a01?s=96&d=monsterid&r=pg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/5018e96a28455ead2207f12d70ffc10289e8640d48019b6c4e66517dc3a37a01?s=96&d=monsterid&r=pg\",\"caption\":\"Speakingo\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple - p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1! &#8902; Speakingo","description":"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple je jednou z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch konstrukc\u00ed v anglick\u00e9 gramatice. V pol\u0161\u010de\u0161tin\u011b nic podobn\u00e9ho neexistuje.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple - prost\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1!","og_description":"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple je jednou z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch konstrukc\u00ed v anglick\u00e9 gramatice. V pol\u0161\u010de\u0161tin\u011b nic podobn\u00e9ho neexistuje.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/","og_site_name":"Speakingo","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/speakingo\/","article_published_time":"2022-09-29T09:38:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-11-20T13:56:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":588,"url":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Speakingo","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napsal(a)":"Speakingo","Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"18 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/"},"author":{"name":"Speakingo","@id":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5763d7b0b1807ae35cfbfdf9794c9981"},"headline":"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple &#8211; prost\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1!","datePublished":"2022-09-29T09:38:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-11-20T13:56:32+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/"},"wordCount":3747,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg","keywords":["cas perfect","Cas present perfect simple","gram\u00e1tica","perfekt","sou\u010dasnost perfektn\u00ed","Zeitformen"],"articleSection":["Anglick\u00e1 gramatika","Zkou\u0161ky a certifik\u00e1ty"],"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/","url":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/","name":"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple - p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1! &#8902; Speakingo","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg","datePublished":"2022-09-29T09:38:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-11-20T13:56:32+00:00","description":"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple je jednou z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch konstrukc\u00ed v anglick\u00e9 gramatice. V pol\u0161\u010de\u0161tin\u011b nic podobn\u00e9ho neexistuje.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg","width":800,"height":588,"caption":"present perfect simple"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Speakingo","item":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Anglick\u00e1 gramatika","item":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/category\/anglicka-gramatika\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect simple &#8211; prost\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost je dokonal\u00e1!"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/","name":"Speakingo","description":"Learn English Online!","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/#organization","name":"Speakingo","url":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/speakingo-kurs-jezyka-angielskiego-online-curso-ingles-sukces-main-english.png.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/speakingo-kurs-jezyka-angielskiego-online-curso-ingles-sukces-main-english.png.jpg","width":500,"height":344,"caption":"Speakingo"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/speakingo\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC5u_DFTWwYDEI1GGjo5lFnQ"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/#\/schema\/person\/5763d7b0b1807ae35cfbfdf9794c9981","name":"Speakingo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5018e96a28455ead2207f12d70ffc10289e8640d48019b6c4e66517dc3a37a01?s=96&d=monsterid&r=pg","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5018e96a28455ead2207f12d70ffc10289e8640d48019b6c4e66517dc3a37a01?s=96&d=monsterid&r=pg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5018e96a28455ead2207f12d70ffc10289e8640d48019b6c4e66517dc3a37a01?s=96&d=monsterid&r=pg","caption":"Speakingo"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60059"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60059\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.speakingo.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}